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The occurrence of herbaceous invasive plant species in the territory of Římov village
PETROVIČOVÁ, Ivana
The diploma thesis is focused on the occurrence of herbaceous invasive species in the urban area of Římov village with a possible connection to the open landscape. As part of the monitoring, 14 invasive species included in the black and gray list of the Czech Republic were found in the area. Among the species associated mainly with the urban environment were, for example, Conyza canadensis, Erigeron annuus, Oxalis corniculata, Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata. In the (semi) natural environment, for example, the species Reynoutria japonica, Impatiens parviflora or Helianthus tuberosus were observed. The occurrence of selected invasive species is shown in the map data. The diploma thesis also includes a botanical determination key.
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American mink (Neovison vison) - biology of an invasive species.
Hlaváčová, Petra ; Vohralík, Vladimír (advisor) ; Anděra, Miloš (referee)
The American mink is considered to be an invasive, alien species across Europe, North Asia and also in South America and now it is perceived as a permanently growing treat for native biodiversity. Mink is an extremely adaptable predator, which achieves to adapt to almost any conditions and different food niches. The aim of this study was to contribute to cognition of biology of this species in Czechomoravian highlands condition. A telemetry study was run between 2004 and 2012 during which in total six individuals (3 males and 3 females) were being monitored on the Sázava River near Havlíčkův Brod. This study was supplemented by usage of photo traps. A couple of finding can be drawn from this study. Mainly, the records show the significant differences between sexes. Males and females differ in home range size, in day/night activity and in length of day movements. The second part of this study was focused on distinguishing tracks of three different species of mustelids: American mink, European mink and Western polecat. In total, 211 tracks obtained from these three species were measured. Seven points on a track has been identified, and the computer program Measuring tracks automatically created 131 parameters. These parameters were processed with canonical discriminant analysis. The results showed...
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Factors associated with invasiveness in the genus Impatiens: interaction of species traits, competition and environment
Čuda, Jan ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kollmann, Johannes (referee) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to identify factors that contribute to invasiveness of species in the genus Impatiens. This genus is horticulturally attractive and includes several species that are known to have naturalized outside their native ranges, while others did not escape, in spite of being frequently cultivated. When looking for traits associated with invasiveness, it is useful to focus on congeneric species. Their traits and dispersal modes are less influenced by phylogeny, than when comparing unrelated species or even complete floras. This helps to account for traits that favour invasive species over native ones and thus identify potential invaders more precisely. A superior invader performance is attributed to a competitive advantage over native species that can lead in extreme case to competitive exclusion of the latter. Invasive and native species com- pete only if their niches overlap and the strength of competition depends on niche similarity. Importantly, invasive species are considered to be able to maintain their high competitiveness over a wide range of environmental conditions, while native ones often have narrower environ- mental optima. Lastly, competitive outcome can vary over life stages and depends on the degree of species dominance, which is rarely taken into account. Spread and...
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Watermilfoils (Myriophyllum) in the central Europe
Hrdinová, Magdalena ; Trávníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
Genus Myriophyllum L. (watermilfoil) belongs to one of the most species-rich genera within Haloragaceae (Saxifragales). It includes three invasive species, which are of major concern - European M. spicatum L., North American M. heterophyllum MICHX. and South American M. aquaticum (VELL.) VERDC. All of them occur in Central Europe as well as native M. verticillatum L. and M. alterniflorum DC. lacking more significant invasive growth up to now. It is not only its invasivness that makes genus Myriophyllum so fascinating. It also displays extremely high phenotypic plasticity which is accompanied by determination difficulties. Moreover, recent research indicates that Myriophyllum tends to hybridize producing more invasive hybrids than parental taxa. Such traits pose a formidable challenge to scientists to deal with possible future invasive growth of non-indigenous Myriophyllum species in Central Europe. Therefore, thorough study of factors influencing evolution success of plants should be conducted. One of the key factors seems to be polyploidy. Research into polyploidy offers a new approach to watermilfoil issues. Additionally, according to preparatory study all native Central European Myriophyllum species can be easily distinguished by flow cytometry. That enables to study polyploidy in an...
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Distribution and ecology of the turbellarian Dugesia tigrina in the Vltava river and selected Prague brooks and its interactions with native turbellarian species
Sevruková, Natálie ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Key words: (Dugesia tigrina), ecology, bioindication, predation, Vltava, Prague The main goal of my thesis was the research of occurrence and ecology of planarians of the group Ttricladida in the Vltava River and some brooks flowing through the territory of Prague. The emphasis was given on the non-native North American species - Dugesia tigrina. The research can be divided into field surveys of population size and ecological requirements of planarians and a laboratory experiment, in which I have investigated the predation behavior of planarians. During my fieldwork, which took place from August 22th to November 11th 2009, I have found out that the Dugesia tigrina occurs only in the Vltava river, in six of the nine studied localities. During the research it was not found in the studied brooks. It chooses localities with a natural shoreline, deeper ground, rapid water and it lives in company of mainly Dugesia polychroa. It appeared at moderately polluted places. During the predation experiment, which ran from December 17th 2009 to October 20th 2010 at a temperature of 14 řC and triple repetitions in all mutual combinations of five planarian species, intraspecific cannibalism and frequent asexual reproduction of Dugesia tigrina was comfirmed. The experiment showed mainly preying of indigenous...
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Impact of polyploidy on the invasive potential of Vicia cracca
Líblová, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mihulka, Stanislav (referee)
This work is about diploids and tetraploids of Vicia cracca species, the two commonly occurring cytotypes. The first part is devoted to the distribution of cytotypes of this species in the secondary range in North America. It was hypothesised that polyploid species become invasive more frequently than diploid species. Their greater success may be given by greater variability of genes obtained by polyploidisation and gene subfunkcionalizing. All invasive populations of Vicia cracca species involved in this study were tetraploid. Based on this we can say that only tetraploids are invasive in this secondary colonized area. Polyploid species can be better competitors thanks to their expected better growth characteristics and stress resistance. Therefore the second part of this work is testing the hypothesis that polyploids are more variable in size of different parts of the plant body and therefore more able to grow even in conditions that are not suitable for diploids. As predicted by the EICA hypothesis (evolution of increased competitive ability), secondary colonized area also provide more space for further evolution and we can expect that growth characteristics of plants from the invasive range will differ from plants of the same ploidy from the original distribution range. This part of the work...
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Monitoring výskytu invazních neofytů v povodí Zdobnice (CHKO Orlické hory)
Vágner, Jan
Mapping of selected invasive neophytes along the rivercourse of Zdobnice river, particularly in the part of the river flowing through the protected landscape area of the Orlické mountains, was done within this bachelor thesis. The monitoring took place in July of 2016. A 1:10 000 map was used for recording of the occurrence of above mentioned neophytes into their respective extension categories. 20 fytocenologic images from respective biotops were created during fieldwork. Forest type Groups were then assigned to their respective images. Turboveg 2.0, Microsoft Excel 2016, and ArcGIS 10.3.1 were used for the elaboration of the results, where a map in digital form was created. The most abundant type was Glandular nettle, which occurres mostly in ruderal biotops. Other types, such as Reynoutria japonica or Telekia speciosa participate in the invasions greatly as well. The rest of the taxons from Reynoutria genus were not observed in the incriminated area. The biotop of gravel river bedding was evaluated as the most threatened by the cooperation of Reynoutria, Telekia a Impatiens. When compared to similarly focused works, we can say that Impatiens confirmed its dominant role even in this work, as well.
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Šíření invazních druhů podél lesních komunikací v nížinném luhu
Barinová, Petra
The thesis deals with the spread of invasive plant species in lowland floodplain of the lower Podyjí in connection with a network of roads and other factors that are important for the incidence of non-native plants. The first, theoretical part deals with the history of the study area and the characteristics of natural conditions. Also deals with management of the area. The second part focuses on methodology, analysis of data and evaluation of results. Thesis also tries to find an connection among usage of the area by human and a spread of invasive species. Thesis includes an attachment that contains all the data that could not be added to main work.
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Hodnocení účinnosti metod likvidace porostů trnovníku akátu
Jenčíková, Veronika
JENČÍKOVÁ, Veronika. The evaluation of the methods of disposal of black locust stands. Brno, 2019. Thesis. Mendel University in Brno. This thesis mainly deals with methods of liquidation of black locust stands and their comparison. The theoretical part also describes the biological characteristics of this problematic tree and its ability to invade the ecosystem. The practical part of this thesis deals with my own experiment in the Podyjí National Park, it was started in November 2016. Herbicide injection method, partial ringing and combination of these methods were chosen. The partial ringing was evaluated as the most effective method. Currently, there are wild horses (exmoor pony) grazing. They are able to suppress sprouting of the black locust. The thesis also contains various practical experiences of experts in this field. Complete removal of black locust stands is a very demanding process and requires several years of care for these areas. The choice of disposal method is linked to specific site conditions and to the desired target area.
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Factors associated with invasiveness in the genus Impatiens: interaction of species traits, competition and environment
Čuda, Jan ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kollmann, Johannes (referee) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to identify factors that contribute to invasiveness of species in the genus Impatiens. This genus is horticulturally attractive and includes several species that are known to have naturalized outside their native ranges, while others did not escape, in spite of being frequently cultivated. When looking for traits associated with invasiveness, it is useful to focus on congeneric species. Their traits and dispersal modes are less influenced by phylogeny, than when comparing unrelated species or even complete floras. This helps to account for traits that favour invasive species over native ones and thus identify potential invaders more precisely. A superior invader performance is attributed to a competitive advantage over native species that can lead in extreme case to competitive exclusion of the latter. Invasive and native species com- pete only if their niches overlap and the strength of competition depends on niche similarity. Importantly, invasive species are considered to be able to maintain their high competitiveness over a wide range of environmental conditions, while native ones often have narrower environ- mental optima. Lastly, competitive outcome can vary over life stages and depends on the degree of species dominance, which is rarely taken into account. Spread and...
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